Getting started with Java 8 – Part 3

Click here to read about Getting started with Java 8- Part 2

Streams :-

A java.util.Stream represents a sequence of elements on which one or more operations can be performed.

For Example let’s say we have a series of number in a List.

List integerList = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 13, 15);

Collections in Java 8 are extended so you can simply create streams either by calling Collection.stream() or Collection.parallelStream().

The following sections explain the most common stream operations:-

1) Filter :-

 Anytime you are looping and check for a condition for each element in the list, you might want to think about using filter method on stream.

 Filter accepts a predicate to filter all elements of the stream. Let’s say you want to separate out even numbers from the above list.

List result = integerList.stream()

           .filter(value -> value % 2 == 0)

           .collect(Collectors.toList());

2) Map :-

 If you’ve got a function that converts a value of one type into another, map lets you apply this function to a stream of values,producing another stream of the new values. Map returns a stream consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream.

Let’s say you want to convert each element in the list to uppercase.

List result = names.stream()

           .map(String::toUpperCase)

           .collect(Collectors.toList());

3) FlatMap :-

 FlatMap lets you replace a value with a Stream and concatenates all the streams together.

 List together = Stream.of(asList(1, 2), asList(3, 4))

                                .flatMap(Collection::stream)

                                .collect(toList());

 The above code will return a list of Integer containing 1, 2, 3, 4.

3) Match :-

 Various matching operations can be used to check whether a certain predicate matches the stream. All of those operations are terminal and return a boolean result.

 anyMatch –

   Returns true if any elements of the stream matches the provided condition.

boolean result = integerList.stream()

       .anyMatch(value -> 2 == value);

   allMatch –

     Returns true only if all elements of this stream match the provided condition.

  boolean result = integerList.steam()

         .allMatch(value -> value % 2 == 0);

     noneMatch –

       Returns true when no elements of this stream match the provided condition.

boolean result = integerList.stream()

         .noneMatch(value -> value == 20)

4) Count :-
   Count is a terminal operation that returns the number of elements in the stream as a long.

   Let’s say you want to find the number of people from London.

 long fromLondon = persons.stream()

           .filter(person -> "london".equalsIgnoreCase(person.isFrom()))

           .count();

5) Reduce :-

   This terminal operation performs a reduction on the elements of the stream with the given function.

   The result is an Optional holding the reduced value.</span
   To add all the numbers.

Integer result = integerList.stream()

            .reduce((v1, v2) -> v1 + v2)

            .get();

6) collect –

   It is a terminal operation that is used to collect stream data as a collection.

   toList ->

List result = integerList.stream()

                               .map(value -> value * 2)

                               .collect(Collectors.toList());


   toSet ->

Set result = integerList.stream()

                               .map(value -> value / 2)

                               .collect(Collectors.toSet());

   toMap ->

    Map<String, String> result = people.stream()

               .collect(Collectors.toMap(p1 -> p1.getName(), p2 -> p2 -> p2.isFrom()));

   This will return each map of name to city for each person.

 

   groupingBy ->

    Groups the data according to the given criteria. The below code will group all the Employees in same department together.

 Map<Department, List> byDept = employees.stream()

                   .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Employee::getDepartment));

   Using other Collection ->

LinkedHashSet result = integerList.stream()

               .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedHashSet::new));

 Now Let’s see how we can put different stream operations together ->

 finding names of tracks over a minute in length.

public Set findLongTracks(List albums) {

   return albums.stream()

                .flatMap(album -> album.getTracks())

                .filter(track -> track.getLength() > 60)

                .map(track -> track.getName())

                .collect(toSet());

}

Click here for Part 4

By:
Aditya Agrawal
www.coviam.com

 

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